Shareef Shareef
learn lessons from such academic papers in which assist them to find solutions for shortages that they are suffering from.
This paper structured as follows: Section 2 provides an overview of cloud computing, which includes cloud computing architecture, a key advantages of cloud computing and its limitations. Section 3 presents a methodology for the accomplishment of this paper. Section 4 provides a discussion on the opportunities of adopting cloud computing in the e ‐ government system, particularly in( KRI). Section 5 concludes the paper with the contributions of this study and proposes future work.
2. What is cloud computing?
It is observed through survey and literature, there are various definitions of cloud computing around and some of them are illustrated in table 1. In reality, no such common standard definition of cloud computing is available in the literature( Voas & Zhang, 2009). However, a more commonly used definition has described it as clusters of distributed computers( largely huge data centers and servers) which provide on‐demand resources and services over the Internet( Sultan, 2010).
Mell and Grance( 2011) defined cloud computing as a model for enabling anywhere, anytime, and on‐demand services via access to the network to a shared huge of computing resources such as networks, storage, servers, applications, and services that can be swiftly offered with less management effort.
Table 1: Selected definitions of cloud computing, Stanoevska‐Slabeva et. al.( 2010: Table 4.1, p. 48)
Source Gartner
International Data Corporation( IDC) The 451 Group
Merrill Lynch
Definition“ A style of computing in which massively scalable IT‐related capabilities are provided“ as a service” using Internet Technologies to multiple customers”.“ An emerging IT development, deployment and delivery model, enabling real‐time delivery of products, services and solutions over the Internet( i. e. enabling cloud services)”.
“ A service model that combines a general organizing principle for IT delivery, infrastructure components, an architectural approach and an economic model – basically, a confluence of grid computing, virtualization, utility computing, hosting and software as a service( SaaS)“ The idea of delivering personal( e. g. Email, word processing, presentations.) and business productivity applications( e. g. Sales force automation, customer service, accounting) from centralized servers”.
Cloud computing is a growing technology and a lot of companies are changing their business models to a model which is based on cloud computing. This approach is cost effective of maintaining a dedicated server and thus cloud computing would be the on‐demand resource solutions and the road which must be taken to ensure the efficiency of the services. Cloud computing technology, is a technology that advances the infrastructure of IT and scalable sophisticated applications which allow individuals around the globe to connect to data, information and computing resources anywhere and anytime( Fiji, 2011).
The development of cloud computing traced back to the early 1990s, and the idea of the cloud based on the existing technologies which are not new i. e. cluster computing, virtual computing, distributed, and utility computing, and software as a service( Borko & Armando, 2010). The cloud is innovative in the way it combines all of the above and transfers them from a localised processing unit to a web network( Weiss, 2007). However, the vision of such technology were not revolutionary, in other words cloud computing is not a new thing in terms of technology, it has been around ever since the development of the Internet. According to Dikaiakos et al.( 2009), the vision of the twenty‐first century is connected to data, and computing resources through small portable devices, as an alternative of accessing them via a usual desktop PC. Hence, cloud computing is a technology that assists organisations and companies to accommodate their services without relying on IT infrastructure, let alone invest in it and other supporting services.
Cloud computing is a general term that includes the entire services as shown in table 2. These services generally encompass three main classes: Infrastructure‐as‐a‐Service( IaaS), Platform‐as‐a‐Service( PaaS) and Software‐as‐a‐Service( SaaS). These services are accommodated into four deployment models which have been identified for cloud architecture solutions and are illustrated in table 3( Mell & Grance, 2011; Wyld, 2010). Cloud is platform independent that means a cloud can be accessed from any device and platform as
454