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The Recent Plague of Monsters in Africa 

By Jerry W. 

The 2019–21 locust infestation is a pest outbreak of desert locusts which is threatening the food supply across the regions of East Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Indian subcontinent. East Africa is experiencing a crisis that sounds like something out of the Book of Exodus: A plague of locusts is spreading across the region, threatening the food supply of tens of millions of people. City-sized swarms of the dreaded pests are wreaking havoc as they descend on crops and pasture lands, devouring everything in a matter of hours. The scale of the locust outbreak, which now affects seven East African countries, is like nothing in recent memory. It is the most serious desert locust outbreak in 70 years, leaving nearly 5 million people in East Africa facing starvation, according to the International Rescue Committee (IRC). They come as many of the countries in the region are already struggling to manage food insecurity caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. 

What is a locust?  

There can be a lot of confusion about what exactly a locust is. To the average eye, this species can be confused with many other insects. The simple answer is that locusts are a special kind of grasshopper. Really, most people do not really notice them and think of them as just a grasshopper, but they are capable of a lot more destruction. When locusts swarm like this, they ravage agriculture, demolishing anything in sight. 

How did the locusts swarms become so large? 

The UN said that "unusual climate conditions" have enabled the locusts to reproduce more rapidly, infesting 21 counties by the end of February and reaching Kenya's borders with Uganda and Tanzania, and the arrival of the rainy season will likely make matters worse. Now, NASA is partnering with the UN to stop these locust swarms by better understanding the insects' relationship with Earth's climate. Traveling locust swarms are common in Africa, but the insect population started getting out of hand in December 2019 when hundreds of millions of the voracious bugs invaded, and they decimated about 173,000 acres of crop land. These insects are quickly rampaging across all of Africa at an alarming rate, leaving many of the citizens that live there starving and without any food to eat.   

What is the situation in each of the countries in Africa? 

By the summer of 2019, swarms of these insects had spread over the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden into Ethiopia and Somalia, where they continued breeding and started causing concerns. This might have been as far as the locusts got were it not for the fact that during October 2018, East Africa experienced unusually widespread and intense autumn rains, which were capped in December by a rare late season cyclone, Pawan, that made landfall in Somalia. These events triggered yet another spurt of reproductive activity. 

Kenya 

On December 28th, 2019, several large, immature swarms were first reported to have crossed into Kenya from Somalia, entering through the towns of Mandera and El Wak.  By then, the plague was Kenya's worst locust outbreak in over seventy years, affecting 172,973 acres of land and leading the country's agriculture minister to state that the authorities were unprepared for an infestation of such scale. Over the next three months, particularly favorable rains caused locust swarms to migrate to the north-western counties of Kenya, and by mid-May, cumulative crop and pasture losses were estimated to be between 5-15 percent in northern Kenya and 1-5 percent in south-eastern Kenya. 

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