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Simmons and the documentary “Blackfish” recognized that the use of play toys in Tilikum’s training led to him becoming possessive of anything in the water. Tilikum was trained with an experienced animal, and both were punished if Tilikum did not produce the correct behavior. This led the two dominant females he lived with to bully him by raking his skin with their teeth to create deep scratches, or “rakes”. The biologist Naomi Rose found that captive orcas are usually not compatible with each other. Rose said that this is because the social groups formed in captivity are artificial. Usually, orcas socialize with those they are blood-related to, and do not associate with orcas of other pods or oceans. There are cultural clashes between the whales that cannot be overcome. Simmons said that Tilikum is an “outlier” and “unlike any whale SeaWorld has owned” in demonstrating this possessive nature and these aggressive behaviors towards his trainers. Simmons also stated that most of the trainers who participated in the documentary “Blackfish” and spoke about Tilikum had not worked with this whale as much as he had. He also explained that many of the pieces of information about Tilikum’s troubled background that he provided were left out of the documentary. Simmons, who is currently involved in the conservation and protection of wild orca populations worldwide, stated that the changes in the environment are negatively affecting killer whale populations. Simmons stated that the wild populations of orcas are declining quickly, due to the degradation of the environment and the ocean. Heavy metals, fi ɔ)ɕхɑ