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space, water, and energy, and are more efficient than conventional methods. Despommier says vertical farming is entirely realistic, even profitable, assuming the structures are inexpensive to build, durable, safe, and “independent of economic subsidies and outside support.” The lack of subsidies is a huge benefit here, as conventional farmers cannot control the price of what they sell. “This year,” explained Purdy, “there is a big surplus, so the price is way, way, way down from pre ٥