Calculation method: Divide the number of students enrolled in each type of secondary education program (classified by program orientation) by total enrolment in secondary education in a given year, and multiply the result by 100.
Data required: Enrolment in secondary education by orientation of education.
Data source: Census, surveys or records of secondary educational institutions and programs.
Type of disaggregation: By gender, type of institution (public/private), and geographical location (region, urban/rural).
Interpretation: The relative concentration of students in a particular orientation of education depicts on the one hand high preference and capacity, on the other hand may reflect job opportunities as well as relative earnings across different occupations and industries.
Quality standards: This indicator requires complete and reliable data on enrolment by orientation of secondary education and clear distinction between different orientations of education. The percentage in all orientations of education must sum up to 100.
Limitations: Cross-country comparability of this indicator can be affected by different ways in which national secondary education systems are organized according to different orientations (e.g. general, technical-vocational, etc.).
Gross primary graduation ratio (GPGR)
Definition: Total number of graduates from the last grade of primary education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population at the theoretical graduation age for primary.
Purpose: To indicate the general level of primary education graduation. This proxy measure of primary completion reports the current primary outputs stemming from previous years of schooling and past education policies on entrance to primary education. It also indicates the capacity of the education system to provide primary graduation for the theoretical graduation age population.
Calculation method: Divide the number of primary graduates, irrespective of age, by the population of theoretical primary graduation, and multiply the result by 100.